Pandemic influenza: certain uncertainties
Identifieur interne : 000D24 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000D23; suivant : 000D25Pandemic influenza: certain uncertainties
Auteurs : David M. Morens [États-Unis] ; Jeffery K. Taubenberger [États-Unis]Source :
- Reviews in Medical Virology [ 1052-9276 ] ; 2011-09.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- American review, Animaux domestiques, Annali, Annali delle epidemie occorse, Antigenic, Antigenic drift, Apparent degree, Asian strain, Attack rates, Avian, Avian viruses, Bacterial pneumonia, Bologna, Bottom panel, Catarrhal, Catarrhal fever, Century pandemics, Clinical microbiology reviews, Como fuera, Contemporary observers, Corradi, Dalle, Delle, Determinant, Different mechanisms, Directional spread, Disease severity, Distinct phenomenon, England journal, Enza, Epidemic, Epidemic catarrh, Epidemic catarrhal fever, Epidemic diseases, Epidemie, Epidemiology, Epizootic, Epizootics, Equine, Equine epizootics, European epidemics, European pandemics, Excess mortality, Fatal complications, Ferdinand enke, Founding virus, Fundamental gaps, Gamberini, Geographic extension, Global, Global pandemic, Global pandemics, Global spread, Government work, Great britain, Grippe, Health department, Heterogeneous collection, High attack rates, High mortality, Historical documents, Historical record, Hpai virus, Human adaptation, Human bodies, Human viruses, Important clues, Infectious diseases, Influenza, Influenza pandemic, Intermediate hosts, Irregular intervals, Italia, Italia dalle, Major epidemics, Malady, Memorie, Middle ages, Milder pandemics, Morbis epidemicis, More years, Morens, Mortality, Mortality increases, Mortality peaks, Mortality rates, National institutes, Naturam pictas, Nuovi documenti illustra, Occorse, Oder grippe, Other animal hosts, Other mammals, Outbreak, Pandemic, Pandemic appearance, Pandemic eras, Pandemic generation, Pandemic origin, Pandemic severity, Pandemic virus, Pandemic viruses, Parmeggiani, Parte, Plos currents, Plos pathogens, Pneumonia, Population immunity, Population movement, Poultry epizootics, Pregnant women, Premature labor, Public domain, Public health, Pulmonary involvement, Rapid diffusion, Rapid spread, Reassortment, Recent decades, Recurrence, Reliable mortality, Respiratory viruses, Risk groups, Rough approximations, Seasonal timing, Severity, Small children, Substantial mortality, Such determinations, Summer months, Swine, Swine viruses, Sydenham, Sydenham society, Taubenberger, Taubenberger figure, Temperate climates, Tious diseases, Tome, University press, Unlettered information, Variable severity, Viral, Viral reservoirs, Virol, Virology, Virus, Virus evolution, Western hemisphere, Winter months, World health organization.
Abstract
For at least five centuries, major epidemics and pandemics of influenza have occurred unexpectedly and at irregular intervals. Despite the modern notion that pandemic influenza is a distinct phenomenon obeying such constant (if incompletely understood) rules such as dramatic genetic change, cyclicity, “wave” patterning, virus replacement, and predictable epidemic behavior, much evidence suggests the opposite. Although there is much that we know about pandemic influenza, there appears to be much more that we do not know. Pandemics arise as a result of various genetic mechanisms, have no predictable patterns of mortality among different age groups, and vary greatly in how and when they arise and recur. Some are followed by new pandemics, whereas others fade gradually or abruptly into long‐term endemicity. Human influenza pandemics have been caused by viruses that evolved singly or in co‐circulation with other pandemic virus descendants and often have involved significant transmission between, or establishment of, viral reservoirs within other animal hosts. In recent decades, pandemic influenza has continued to produce numerous unanticipated events that expose fundamental gaps in scientific knowledge. Influenza pandemics appear to be not a single phenomenon but a heterogeneous collection of viral evolutionary events whose similarities are overshadowed by important differences, the determinants of which remain poorly understood. These uncertainties make it difficult to predict influenza pandemics and, therefore, to adequately plan to prevent them. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Url:
- https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-JZQD3NDP-P/fulltext.pdf
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246071
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.689
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract">For at least five centuries, major epidemics and pandemics of influenza have occurred unexpectedly and at irregular intervals. Despite the modern notion that pandemic influenza is a distinct phenomenon obeying such constant (if incompletely understood) rules such as dramatic genetic change, cyclicity, “wave” patterning, virus replacement, and predictable epidemic behavior, much evidence suggests the opposite. Although there is much that we know about pandemic influenza, there appears to be much more that we do not know. Pandemics arise as a result of various genetic mechanisms, have no predictable patterns of mortality among different age groups, and vary greatly in how and when they arise and recur. Some are followed by new pandemics, whereas others fade gradually or abruptly into long‐term endemicity. Human influenza pandemics have been caused by viruses that evolved singly or in co‐circulation with other pandemic virus descendants and often have involved significant transmission between, or establishment of, viral reservoirs within other animal hosts. In recent decades, pandemic influenza has continued to produce numerous unanticipated events that expose fundamental gaps in scientific knowledge. Influenza pandemics appear to be not a single phenomenon but a heterogeneous collection of viral evolutionary events whose similarities are overshadowed by important differences, the determinants of which remain poorly understood. These uncertainties make it difficult to predict influenza pandemics and, therefore, to adequately plan to prevent them. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</div>
</front>
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